North America · Immigration

Canada

139 immigration routes

Canada sits in North America. Its immigration system runs 139 distinct routes — led by work, business & self-employment and study, each set out in official law. All 139 cite an official government source, shown on the route with the date we last read it. Who actually qualifies depends on your full profile.

Immigration routes
139across 14 route categories, each set out in official law
Source-cited routes
139 of 139cite an official government source, with the date we last read it
Largest category
Work68 of the 139 routes — see them under Work below
Region
North America
Capital
Ottawa
Population
41,651,653
Official language
English, French
Currency
CAD
Time zone
6 zones
Source-cited pathways

Immigration routes

All 139 routes, grouped by purpose — 139 of 139 cite an official government source directly.

Work

2 of 68 say who you can bring
68 routes

IRCC requires a designated-employer offer, qualifying experience or Atlantic-graduate exemption, education, language, funds where applicable and a settlement plan.

Savings from CAD 3,815
Official government source: canada.ca · checked 2026-08-06

IRCC publishes an open permanent residence pilot for skilled workers settling in one of six Francophone-minority communities.

Savings from CAD 10,507
Official government source: canada.ca · checked 2026-07-26

LMIA-exempt employer-specific work permit for a French-speaking worker taking eligible employment outside Quebec.

Official government source: canada.ca · checked 2026-07-26 · 2 sources

LMIA-exempt work permit under R205(a) for an employee of a multinational transferred to a Canadian parent, subsidiary, branch or affiliate as an executive, senior or functional manager, or specialised-knowledge worker, after at least 1 year of continuous employment abroad in the previous 3 years.

Official government source: canada.ca · checked 2026-08-06

For a foreign national holding a medical or dental doctorate equivalent to a Canadian MD, DDS or DDM coming to complete a residency at a Canadian hospital, or a recognised specialist who has finished residency and is taking a medical research fellowship.

Official government source: canada.ca · checked 2026-08-06

Open work permit for a graduate of an eligible program at a participating Canadian designated learning institution.

Official government source: canada.ca · checked 2026-07-26 · 2 sources

LMIA-exempt work permit under R205(b) for a foreign national whose employment in Canada creates or maintains reciprocal opportunities abroad for Canadian citizens and permanent residents; the applicant must prove reciprocity exists.

Official government source: canada.ca · checked 2026-08-07

IRCC requires a designated-employer offer, community recommendation, recent related work, language, education and settlement funds.

Savings from CAD 10,507
Official government source: canada.ca · checked 2026-07-26

Investment

3 routes

Temporary work permit for a Quebec investor-program applicant holding the required Quebec notice of intention to select.

Official government source: canada.ca · checked 2026-07-26 · 2 sources

Business & self-employment

22 routes

Talent & merit

1 route

Study

11 routes

Study-permit pilot for French-speaking citizens of listed countries studying in French at a participating DLI outside Quebec, with a possible later permanent residence route.

Official government source: canada.ca · checked 2026-08-06 · 2 sources

Temporary permit for study at a Canadian designated learning institution.

Official government source: canada.ca · checked 2026-07-26

Report-only exemption for specified short programs and protected categories that may study without a study permit.

Official government source: canada.ca · checked 2026-07-26 · 2 sources

Family

8 of 9 say who you can bring
9 routes

Permanent residence sponsorship for a partner who has cohabited with the sponsor in a conjugal relationship for at least 12 consecutive months.

Can bring: de facto partner
Official government source: canada.ca · checked 2026-07-26 · 2 sources

Permanent residence sponsorship for an overseas conjugal partner where a serious barrier prevents marriage or cohabitation.

Can bring: dependants, partner, de facto partner
Official government source: canada.ca · checked 2026-07-26 · 2 sources

Permanent residence sponsorship for a qualifying dependent child.

Can bring: dependants, children
Official government source: canada.ca · checked 2026-07-26 · 2 sources

Family-class permanent residence process for a child adopted or to be adopted abroad.

Can bring: children, parents
Official government source: canada.ca · checked 2026-07-26 · 2 sources

Permanent residence sponsorship for an orphaned sibling, nephew, niece or grandchild.

Can bring: grandparents, siblings, parents
Official government source: canada.ca · checked 2026-07-26 · 2 sources

Narrow family-class route allowing sponsorship of one other related person when the sponsor has no closer sponsorable relative and no qualifying relative in Canada.

Can bring: dependants
Official government source: canada.ca · checked 2026-07-26 · 2 sources

Long-duration multiple-entry visitor route for the parent or grandparent of a Canadian citizen or permanent resident.

Income from CAD 38,002/yrCan bring: grandparents, parents
Official government source: canada.ca · checked 2026-07-26

Permanent residence sponsorship for a legally married spouse aged at least 18.

Can bring: spouse
Official government source: canada.ca · checked 2026-07-26 · 2 sources

Residence-based status

4 routes

In-Canada permanent residence application for a person recognized by the IRB or IRCC as a Convention refugee or person in need of protection.

Official government source: canada.ca · checked 2026-07-26

Youth mobility

3 routes

Cultural, religious & volunteer

1 route

Short stay & visit

4 routes

Short business visit for international commercial activity without entering the Canadian labour market.

Official government source: canada.ca · checked 2026-07-26

Electronic travel authorization for an eligible visa-exempt foreign national flying to or transiting through Canada.

Official government source: canada.ca · checked 2026-07-26

Humanitarian protection

9 routes

Cost-shared refugee resettlement in which Canada identifies a visa-office-referred refugee and an eligible private sponsor provides settlement support.

Official government source: canada.ca · checked 2026-07-26 · 2 sources

Extended joint support for a government-assisted refugee with special settlement needs, delivered by IRCC, a SAH and settlement providers.

Official government source: canada.ca · checked 2026-07-26

In-Canada or port-of-entry protection process for a person claiming Convention refugee protection or protection as a person in need.

Official government source: canada.ca · checked 2026-07-26 · 2 sources

Sports

1 route

Transit

1 route

Free transit visa for a visa-required traveller passing through a Canadian airport for 48 hours or less.

Official government source: canada.ca · checked 2026-07-26

Other & special

2 routes

Discretionary temporary permit for an otherwise inadmissible person with a compelling reason to enter or remain in Canada.

Official government source: canada.ca · checked 2026-07-26

Official sources

Compiled by António Mira, founder · How we verify our data · Not legal advice — immigration rules and thresholds change; confirm with the official sources above before deciding.

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