This page compares Benin’s Carte ZES (Zone Économique Spéciale) — 5 ans (investor) and Panama’s Inversionista de Zona Procesadora de Exportación — the golden visa routes we track for each country — using figures compiled from official government sources. Where a figure is not published for one country, the cell is left blank rather than estimated.
At a Glance
Benin
Carte ZES (Zone Économique Spéciale) — 5 ans (investor)
- Minimum investment: €15,244,902
- Minimum savings: €15
- Initial permit: 60 months
Panama
Inversionista de Zona Procesadora de Exportación
- Minimum income: €3,632/mo
- Minimum investment: €217,995
- Minimum savings: €8,718
Requirements Side by Side
| Requirement | Benin | Panama |
|---|---|---|
| Minimum income | — | €3,632/mo |
| Minimum savings | €15 | €8,718 |
| Minimum investment | €15,244,902 | €217,995 |
| Initial permit length | 60 months | 24 months |
| Processing time | 10 days | 30 days |
| Years to citizenship | 3 years | — |
| Family reunification | Yes | — |
| Dual citizenship allowed | Yes | — |
What the Data Shows
Each line reflects a single published figure — not an overall recommendation. The right choice depends on your profile.
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Get Your Free VerdictFrequently Asked Questions
How do the minimum investments compare in Benin and Panama?
Benin's Carte ZES (Zone Économique Spéciale) — 5 ans (investor) lists a minimum investment of €15,244,902; Panama's Inversionista de Zona Procesadora de Exportación lists €217,995.
How long does processing take in Benin vs Panama?
Published processing time is 10 days for Benin's Carte ZES (Zone Économique Spéciale) — 5 ans (investor) and 30 days for Panama's Inversionista de Zona Procesadora de Exportación.
How long is the initial permit in Benin vs Panama?
Benin's Carte ZES (Zone Économique Spéciale) — 5 ans (investor) is initially issued for 60 months; Panama's Inversionista de Zona Procesadora de Exportación for 24 months.
Figures relate to the specific programmes named above and were last re-checked between 2026-06-08 and 2026-06-09. Always confirm on the official pages linked below before applying.