This page compares Antigua and Barbuda’s Real Estate (Citizenship by Investment) and Benin’s Carte ZES (Zone Économique Spéciale) — 5 ans (investor) — the golden visa routes we track for each country — using figures compiled from official government sources. Where a figure is not published for one country, the cell is left blank rather than estimated.
At a Glance
Antigua and Barbuda
Real Estate (Citizenship by Investment)
- Minimum investment: €261,594
- Initial permit: 60 months
Benin
Carte ZES (Zone Économique Spéciale) — 5 ans (investor)
- Minimum investment: €15,244,902
- Minimum savings: €15
- Initial permit: 60 months
Requirements Side by Side
| Requirement | Antigua and Barbuda | Benin |
|---|---|---|
| Minimum savings | — | €15 |
| Minimum investment | €261,594 | €15,244,902 |
| Initial permit length | 60 months | 60 months |
| Processing time | — | 10 days |
| Years to citizenship | 0 years | 3 years |
| Family reunification | Yes | Yes |
| Dual citizenship allowed | Yes | Yes |
What the Data Shows
Each line reflects a single published figure — not an overall recommendation. The right choice depends on your profile.
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Get Your Free VerdictFrequently Asked Questions
How do the minimum investments compare in Antigua and Barbuda and Benin?
Antigua and Barbuda's Real Estate (Citizenship by Investment) lists a minimum investment of €261,594; Benin's Carte ZES (Zone Économique Spéciale) — 5 ans (investor) lists €15,244,902.
Which offers a faster path to citizenship, Antigua and Barbuda or Benin?
Standard naturalisation timelines are 0 years in Antigua and Barbuda and 3 years in Benin. Actual eligibility depends on your residence history.
How long is the initial permit in Antigua and Barbuda vs Benin?
Antigua and Barbuda's Real Estate (Citizenship by Investment) is initially issued for 60 months; Benin's Carte ZES (Zone Économique Spéciale) — 5 ans (investor) for 60 months.
Figures relate to the specific programmes named above and were last re-checked 2026-06-08. Always confirm on the official pages linked below before applying.