How does the application work at a high level, what rights does the family member receive, how long does the status last, and how can it become independent or longer-term where officially stated?
Form I-130 is filed to establish the relationship; once approved, the spouse of a U.S. citizen is classified as an immediate relative, for whom visas are immediately available. If the couple has been married less than two years when the spouse obtains permanent resident status, USCIS grants conditional permanent resident status for two years under INA section 216, and both spouses must file Form I-751 during the 90-day period immediately before it expires; failure to file timely leads to termination of status and removal proceedings. Conditional permanent residents have the same rights, privileges, responsibilities, and duties as other lawful permanent residents, including applying for naturalisation, filing petitions for qualifying relatives, and residing permanently in the United States.
See recorded sources
Limits of the record- The instructions do not describe the consular or adjustment step after approval, nor current processing times.
- https://www.uscis.gov/sites/default/files/document/forms/i-130instr.pdf
A citizen or lawful permanent resident of the United States may file Form I-130, Petition for Alien Relative, with U.S.
Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) to establish the existence of a relationship to certain alien relatives who
wish to immigrate to the United States.
- https://www.uscis.gov/sites/default/files/document/forms/i-130instr.pdf
When a petition is approved for the spouse, unmarried children under 21 years of age, or parents of a U.S. citizen,
these persons are classified as immediate relatives, which means visas are immediately available to them.
- https://www.uscis.gov/sites/default/files/document/forms/i-130instr.pdf
If you have been married less than two years on the date your spouse has obtained permanent resident status, USCIS
will grant your spouse conditional permanent resident status for two years under INA section 216. USCIS then
requires both you and your spouse to file Form I-751, Petition to Remove Conditions on Residence, during the 90-day
period immediately before your spouse’s conditional permanent resident status expires.
- https://www.uscis.gov/sites/default/files/document/forms/i-130instr.pdf
Conditional permanent residents have the same rights, privileges, responsibilities, and duties as all other lawful
permanent residents. A conditional permanent resident is not limited in his or her right to apply for naturalization, file
petitions on behalf of qualifying relatives, or reside permanently in the United States as an immigrant in accordance
with U.S. immigration laws.
- https://www.uscis.gov/sites/default/files/document/forms/i-130instr.pdf
NOTE: If your spouse fails to timely file Form I-751 to remove the conditional basis of his or her spouse’s
permanent resident status, USCIS will terminate his or her permanent resident status and begin removal proceedings.