How does the application work at a high level, what rights does the family member receive, how long does the status last, and how can it become independent or longer-term where officially stated?
The checked official sources did not provide enough route-specific evidence to confirm the application process, rights, duration and path to independent or longer-term status.
See recorded sources
Limits of the record- Searched all SO extractions (ICA services 3f9928910bdbfe4b/5a676e353de37661, somalia.gov.so permit-stay, Law 006 Arts 18-19) for a family stay permit: no family-specific process, rights, duration or path to independent/long-term status. ICA residence services list only generic 'Temporary and permanent residence permits' / 'Permit renewals' with no family link; Art. 19(2) concerns family of permanent-residence holders (other via).