What status is obtained, how is it renewed, what longer-term residence/citizenship direction is officially stated, and what happens to the investment when relevant?
The initial A1 permit is valid for up to two years; renewal requires a copy of the trade licence or patent. The DGIE separately lists A3-1 for investors who have already held a temporary resident permit at least twice, with a tax-clearance certificate and validity up to five years. The official source does not say that this is automatic or identify a permanent-residence or citizenship outcome, or what happens to the investment.
See recorded sources
Limits of the record- The separately listed recurring class is not described as an automatic extension, and this page states no permanent-residence or citizenship outcome.